Which of the following is a common fire protection method for steel beams and columns in fire conditions?

• A. Gypsum board
• B. Plywood
• C. Polyurethane foam
• D. Polystyrene sheets

Answer: (A)

Gypsum board is used to protect steel beams and columns in fire conditions because it acts as an effective fire-resistant envelope. When exposed to heat, gypsum undergoes dehydration, releasing water and absorbing a lot of heat, which slows the rise in temperature of the steel behind it. This delay helps keep the steel from reaching critical temperatures too quickly, preserving structural integrity long enough for safe evacuation and firefighting. It’s a common, economical choice for fire-rated drywall assemblies around steel framing.

The other materials listed aren’t suitable for protecting steel in fires: plywood, polyurethane foam, and polystyrene sheets are combustible and would not provide reliable fire resistance.